The Agreement on Agriculture under the Uruguay Round refers to a landmark international treaty that sought to liberalize trade in agricultural products across the globe. The agreement, which was signed in 1994, marked a major departure from the traditional protectionist policies that had dominated agricultural trade for decades.

The agreement aimed to reduce trade barriers and subsidies in the agricultural sector, which would create a more level playing field for farmers and agribusinesses around the world. It set out to achieve this through a series of commitments made by member nations of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

One of the primary goals of the agreement was to reduce tariff barriers that had long been used to protect domestic agricultural markets from foreign competition. Member nations agreed to a gradual reduction of tariffs over time, with some countries being granted exemptions or special treatment based on their level of development or other factors.

Another important aspect of the agreement was the commitment to reducing domestic agricultural subsidies. These subsidies, which had become a major point of contention in global trade negotiations, were seen as distorting the market and artificially inflating prices. The agreement sought to reduce the total amount of subsidies paid by member nations and to make them more transparent and less trade-distorting.

The Agreement on Agriculture also touched on a number of other important issues, such as food safety, animal welfare, and environmental protection. It recognized the importance of these concerns in agricultural trade and sought to ensure that member nations were taking appropriate steps to address them.

Although the Agreement on Agriculture was a major step forward in the liberalization of global agricultural trade, it has not been without its challenges. Some critics have argued that the agreement has not gone far enough in addressing the concerns of developing nations, which often have weaker agricultural sectors and struggle to compete with more established players in the global market.

Despite these challenges, the agreement has been instrumental in shaping the global agricultural trade landscape over the past few decades. It has forced member nations to re-evaluate long-standing policies and practices and to work towards a more equitable and sustainable global agricultural system.